Phrenology

"Phrenology" in brown text
Graphic text with the Edward G. Boring quote, "It is almost correct to say that scientific psychology was born of phrenology, out of wedlock with science"

Phrenologists believed a person's personality was reflected through the shape of the physical skull. Different parts of the skull corresponded with different traits, so measuring how large or small bumps and divots were in certain areas would reveal a person's disposition.

One physician believed mesmerism "could be lumped together with phrenology, ultratemperence, and ultrasectarianism as one of the many quackeries and humbugs currently subverting the social order," but if anything, phrenology was used as a tool to support existing power structures in the status quo, reinforcing racist sentiments as well as misogyny.

two skulls, one front view and one side view
The Mysteries of the head and the heart explained
Manual of phrenology, or the physiology of the human brain
Précis analytique et raisonné du système du Dr. Gall sur les facultés de l'homme et les fonctions du cerveau
How to read character : a new illustrated hand-book of phrenology and physiognomy for students and examiners with a descriptive chart
Historical figures of phrenology
The symbolical head illustrating the natural language of the faculties
"Phrenology" by S.R. Jones

A poem on phrenology, by S.R. Jones

Groups of organs
Phrenological depictions of the propensities, the intellectual faculties, and moral sentiments
The location of the organs
The three regions
"The human character in regard to the destructive or peaceful propensities also corresponds with the width of the head"
How to take measurements of the head
Showing the countour of chimpanzee, orangutans, and human skulls
Illustrating the differences of character exhibited by different contours of the head
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